Organic Chemistry: The Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

One of the most important element to sustain life is to have the element of carbon (C) in substances like sugar, plants, and us, human. We cannot live without carbon. Organic chemistry is responsible for many of the every-day products that are used around the world.

Properties of Organic Compounds:

• low melting point
• weak or non-electrolytes
• can for chains of carbon atoms that are links in a straight-line, circular pattern and branched pattern.

• Can like with other atoms in...
• Single Bonds

• Double Bonds

• Triple Bonds





Then, here come a newer stuff, Alkanes, a unbranched/straight chain. For example, a hydrocarbon is a compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon. There are different types of hydrocarbons and there are different ways to represent them. Non-polar nolecules are immiscrible with water, which means they are non-dissolvable.

Here is a 3D modle of a tetrahdron:

Alkanes are saturated hydeocarbon which have all carbon atoms bonded by single bonds. Saturated means that it is not possible for another atom to bond to the structure. Naming of alkanes: the names of all hydrocarbons end in '-ane' because they are 'alkanes'!!!

Examples would be:

Easy to memorize, huh? Ofcourse it is!

Then we had learned about the branched hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons can have "side branches" with are also hydrocarbon chains: These hydrocarbons are call substitured hydrocarbons or brached hydrocarbons.

Examples would be like:

Naming: the ames of all alkyl groups end in '-yl' bcause they are alkyl

Pentane C5H12       Pentyl C5H12
Butane C4H10        Butyl C4H10
Propane C3H8        Propyl C3H8
Ethane C2H6           Ethyl C2H6
Methane CH4          Methyl CH4

Rules of alkane nomenclature:

1. Find and name the longest continuous carbon chain
and place at the end of the name
2. Identify and name groups attached to this chain.
3. Number the chain consecutively, starting at the end
nearest a side group. (i.e. the lowest numbered carbon)
4. Designate the location of each side group by an
appropriate number and name.
5. Assemble the name, listing groups in alphabetical
order.