Matter

Today, we had learnt about matter.

What is matter?

Matter is a general term for all physical objects are made and takes up space, in other words everything has volume.

Matter is divided into 2 separated parts. One is Pure Substances and Mixtures.

Now, let's talk about PURE SUBSTANCES first.

Pure substances have only one set of properties. They are generally divided into Element and Compound.

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  The Element is the simplest form which CANNOT be decomposed such as gold(Au); it is made of atoms. Atoms have 3 different properties such as metal, non-metal and metalloid.
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  The Compound is consist of two or more different chemical elements. For example, the formula for trifluoroacetic acid is written as C₂HF₃O₂. Then, the smallest particle is a molecule that is either ionic or covalent.
  
  
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    An ion has a total number of elements that is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a either positive or negative electrical charge. For example, Aluminum(Al^+3) and Carbonate(CO₃^-2).
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    A covalent bond is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms, and other covalent bonds.

Next up, MIXTURES!

Mixtures are more than one set of property and substance and they are physically combined by means of Homogeneity and Heterogeneity.

Homogeneity

is uniform in composition or character and appears to have only one component.
Heterogeneity
is not uniform and visibly consisting of different components. Ex. water+oil

Now, do you have a idea of physical change?

• A physical change does not involve any chemical change which means no new substance is formed. An example such as a kid broke a glass bottle accidentally

Bonds are broken and new bonds are formed in a chemical change. Some reactions may also cause certain chemicals undergo a change in state. An example of chemical change: combustion of methane to produce carbon dioxide and water.


(1)



A few more properties of matter:

1. Solid-is characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to change in shape easily and experiences small changes in volume when heated. (1)                                                                                       
2. Liquid-able to flow and take the shape of a container.(2)
3. Gases-are widely separated from one another and take the shape of the container.



(2)

(3)



Kevin Wang