Functional Groups

  Today we leanred about fuctional groups.  They are called hydrocarbon derivatives.  It is because the carbon is bonded other than hydrogen.   Each specific functional group gives rise to a family of organic compounds.

Example incude: Halocarbons, alcohols, organic acids, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, esters, amilines, and amides. 

The main ones we will focus on are:
 Halides & Nitro Compound

 Alcohols
Aldehydes & Ketones

1) Halides and Nitro Compound
-Halocarbons: R-X where X=F,Cl,Br,I
-A halocarbon is an organic compound with a halogen atom(F,Cl,Br,I) bonded to its structure.
-Nitro compound is same as Halides except only No2 is attached to the Carbon
 
Alcohols
- Is formed from a hydrocarbon that is convalently bonded to a hydroxyl group.
-expressed as R-OH where R represents a hydrocarbon chain or ring and OH represents at least one hydroxly group consisting of an exygen atom and a hydrogen atom.
Naming alcohols
-find parent chain containing the hydroxy group(OH)
-change ending to ol
-OH gets lowest possible locant
-when more than one OH include Greek prefixes.
Eg: Two OH groups are labelled diol


Ethanol



Aldehydes

-Gerneral formula is R-COH

-A Carbon in a chain is double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to a hydrogen

Naming

-add al at the end

2-methylbutanal

Kentones
-Almost same as Alhydes
-The double bonded oxygen to the carbon chain is somewhere in the middle.  Unlike Alhydes it is always in the beginning or end
-stucture is R-Co-R
Naming
-Add one for the ending
-locate the ketones with lowest subscripts in the chain


3-methy-2-pentanone

That concludes what we had lernt today.  Now review again with these cool interesting videos!!!!!!!!