Thursday, June 2, 2011

Functional Groups

  Today we leanred about fuctional groups.  They are called hydrocarbon derivatives.  It is because the carbon is bonded other than hydrogen.   Each specific functional group gives rise to a family of organic compounds.

Example incude: Halocarbons, alcohols, organic acids, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, esters, amilines, and amides. 


The main ones we will focus on are:
 Halides & Nitro Compound
 Alcohols
Aldehydes & Ketones

1) Halides and Nitro Compound
-Halocarbons: R-X where X=F,Cl,Br,I
-A halocarbon is an organic compound with a halogen atom(F,Cl,Br,I) bonded to its structure.
-Nitro compound is same as Halides except only No2 is attached to the Carbon
 
Alcohols
- Is formed from a hydrocarbon that is convalently bonded to a hydroxyl group.
-expressed as R-OH where R represents a hydrocarbon chain or ring and OH represents at least one hydroxly group consisting of an exygen atom and a hydrogen atom.
Naming alcohols
-find parent chain containing the hydroxy group(OH)
-change ending to ol
-OH gets lowest possible locant
-when more than one OH include Greek prefixes.
Eg: Two OH groups are labelled diol

Ethanol

Aldehydes
-Gerneral formula is R-COH
-A Carbon in a chain is double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to a hydrogen
Naming
-add al at the end
2-methylbutanal
Kentones
-Almost same as Alhydes
-The double bonded oxygen to the carbon chain is somewhere in the middle.  Unlike Alhydes it is always in the beginning or end
-stucture is R-Co-R
Naming
-Add one for the ending
-locate the ketones with lowest subscripts in the chain

3-methy-2-pentanone
That concludes what we had lernt today.  Now review again with these cool interesting videos!!!!!!!!

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